The hole goes to the other side of the moon and is free of obstructions.A heavy ball is dropped into a hole that goes through the center of the moon, how far does the ball travel?
It depends on the orientation of the hole and the position of the sun. If the hole is pointed towards earth, and the earth is between the moon and the Sun and the ball is dropped in on the far side the ball will probably pop out of the other end because the gravity of the Sun and Earth will also affect it. In any of the other infinite combinations and depending on the size of the hole the ball may not make it to the other end of the hole. it's difficult to say what would then happen.A heavy ball is dropped into a hole that goes through the center of the moon, how far does the ball travel?
About 100 meters, since the moon rotates, and the ball rotates with it, as the ball goes deeper, the ball is moving at a higher rotational speed than the inner soil of the moon, and inertia will force it to hit the side of the hole and eventually stop.
The actual distance will depend on the hole's distance from the lunar poles.
Or
Since gravity is an obstruction, it will not fall at all.
There is no air resistance and neglecting friction between the ball and hole and any possible high temperature at the moon's center, the ball will accelerate on the way down to the center then decelerate on the way up on the other side to the same elevation from which it was dropped. The ball will continue to oscillate back and forth forever (without friction). As the ball goes deeper from either side, there is more mass above it and the gravitational attraction will become less and less as the center is approached, but acceleration will continue until the center is reached. The ball will behave much like the pendulum in a clock, constantly converting potential energy (of elevation) to kinetic energy (of motion at the center) and back to potential energy of elevation on the other side. The same thing will happen to a heavy ball or a turkey feather which would fall at the same rate in a pure vacuum.
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